Past audit reports - highlights
Zero-Knowledge circuits
At Veridise, we have conducted academic research on identifying vulnerabilities related to zero-knowledge proofs and developed in-house tools for enhanced bug detection.
Audit reports (PDF):
Blog posts:
L1/L2 blockchains
We’ve audited a number of L1 and L2 blockchain implementations, including ZK-Rollups on Ethereum.
Audit reports (PDF):
Blog posts:
Cross-Chain Protocols & Bridges
Cross-chain protocols and bridges pose many surfaces for attacks. We have assisted many in strengthening their security.
Audit reports (PDF):
DeFi protocols
We’ve audited some of the largest DeFi protocols, such as Ankr, Ribbon Finance, Range, totaling billions of dollars in Total Value Locked.
Audit reports (PDF):
How to prepare for an audit?
We are the leading security and analysis tools providers for all layers of the Web3 ecosystem, including smart contracts, zero-knowledge circuits, blockchain implementations and much more.
We have a deep track record of identifying critical vulnerabilities in projects and protocols that other security companies and auditors missed.
So far, we have audited thousands of lines of code and counting, and have found more than 100 high-severity bugs.
Past audit reports
| Protocol | Resource | Start Date | Language(s) | Tag(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeFi84 | Sep 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Substrate, Bridge, Cross-Chain | |
| ZK #27 | Sep 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Rewards / Distribution | |
| RiscZero: Steel | Report | Sep 2024 | Rust | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, ZK Circuits, Risc0, Library/Infrastructure, zkVM Application |
| Kadena: Kadena Snap | Report | Sep 2024 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap, Blockchain Wallet Integration |
| ZK #26 | Sep 2024 | Rust,Solidity | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, ZK Circuits, Risc0 | |
| RiscZero: risc0-solana | Report | Sep 2024 | Rust | Smart Contracts, ZK Proof Infrastructure, Risc0, Library/Infrastructure |
| ZK #24 | Aug 2024 | Leo,Typescript | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Leo | |
| Venture23: Verulink | Report | Aug 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Leo, Bridge |
| DeFi #83 | Aug 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| ZK #23 | Aug 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Liquid Staking, Price Oracle | |
| ZK #21 | Aug 2024 | Leo | AMM, Token / ERC20 | |
| Beta Staking | Report | Aug 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Liquid Staking |
| AlphaSwap | Report | Aug 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, AMM |
| DeFi #83 | Aug 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking, Token / ERC20 | |
| ZK #19 | Jul 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Liquid Staking, Price Oracle | |
| Smoo.th: Smooth Crypto Library | Report | Jul 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Library/Infrastructure |
| Multi-Token Support Program | Report | Jul 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Leo, Token / ERC20 |
| ZK #17 | Jul 2024 | Rust | ZK Circuits, plonky3, zkVM | |
| 57Blocks: Stellar Timelock Contract | Report | Jul 2024 | Rust | Smart Contracts, Soroban, Library/Infrastructure |
| Arianee Full Privacy Extension | Report1, Report2 | Jul 2024 | Circom,Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity, Identity, NFT Marketplace |
| Infrastructure #6 | Jul 2024 | Go | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Library/Infrastructure | |
| DeFi #80 | Jul 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Proof Infrastructure, Gnark, Solidity, zkVM | |
| DeFi #79 | Jul 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Auction, Vault | |
| DeFi #78 | Jun 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault | |
| Mina Foundation: Fungible Token Standard | Report | Jun 2024 | Typescript | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, o1js, Token / ERC20 |
| Lombard: LBTC | Report | Jun 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Bridge, Liquid Staking |
| Infrastructure #4 | Jun 2024 | Go | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Light Client, Liquid Staking | |
| DeFi #76 | Jun 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM | |
| ZK #13 | Jun 2024 | Aleo,Rust | Blockchain Implementation, ZK Circuits, Aleo, SnarkVM, Blockchain | |
| DeFi #75 | Jun 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault | |
| Sygma Labs: BTC Relayer | Report | Jun 2024 | Go | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, btcsuite, Bridge |
| Decentralized Oracle Integration | Report | Jun 2024 | Sui Move | Smart Contracts, Sui Move, Price Oracle |
| ZK #12 | Jun 2024 | Rust | ZK Circuits, plonky3, Library/Infrastructure | |
| ZK #11 | May 2024 | Rust,Solidity | ZK Circuits, plonky2, Light Client | |
| DeFi #73 | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, NFT Marketplace | |
| Arbitrum Constructor Contract | Report | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution, Token / ERC20 |
| DeFi #72 | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain | |
| DeFi #71 | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain, Staking | |
| Arcane Finance: AMM | Report | May 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, AMM |
| 3Jane: Amplol | Report | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault |
| DeFi #68 | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Liquid Staking, Rewards / Distribution | |
| DeFi #67 | May 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| GingerJoy: Fundora | Report | Apr 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Games, Rewards / Distribution |
| 3Jane: 3JANE-EETH-X-C | Report | Apr 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault |
| ZK #10 | Apr 2024 | Rust | ZK Circuits, plonky3, Library/Infrastructure | |
| Lydia Labs: HiYield | Report | Apr 2024 | Rust | Smart Contracts, Soroban, Lending |
| DeFi #62 | Apr 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Liquid Staking | |
| Leo Wallet: Aleo Staking | Report | Apr 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Staking |
| ChainSafe: BLS12-381 Implementation | Report | Apr 2024 | Rust | ZK Circuits, Halo2, Light Client |
| Inception: bridge | Report | Apr 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Bridge |
| DeFi #54 | Mar 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution, Staking | |
| O(1) Labs: o1js | Report | Mar 2024 | Typescript | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, o1js, Library/Infrastructure |
| Edgeless Network Contracts | Report | Mar 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain, Liquid Staking, Staking |
| ZK #7 | Mar 2024 | Rust | ZK Circuits, plonky2x, Light Client | |
| DeFi #52 | Mar 2024 | Sui Move | Smart Contracts, Sui Move, Lending | |
| Range Protocol: Vault Updates and Vertex Vault | Report1, Report2 | Mar 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Liquid Staking, Vault |
| Cata Labs: Generalised Incentives Timeout | Report | Mar 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain |
| DeFi #50 | Feb 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Payments | |
| MetaMask Snap #6 | Feb 2024 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap, Blockchain Wallet Integration | |
| Native: Aqua | Report | Feb 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Request for Quote (RFQ), Vault |
| Venture23: Ethereum-Aleo Bridge | Report | Feb 2024 | Leo,Solidity,Typescript | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Smart Contracts, Leo, Solidity, mongoose, Bridge |
| Key Management #5 | Feb 2024 | Rust | Wallet / Key Management, AWS | |
| ZK #9 | Feb 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity, KYC, Shielded Pools | |
| onthis.xyz Snap | Report | Feb 2024 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap, Transaction Analysis |
| DeFi #55 | Feb 2024 | Rust | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Smart Contracts, AWS, Solidity, Soroban, ethers, Bridge | |
| Arcane Finance: Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service | Report1, Report2 | Jan 2024 | Rust,Typescript | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Request for Quote (RFQ) |
| Key Management #4 | Jan 2024 | Rust | Wallet / Key Management, AWS | |
| DeFi #47 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, NFT Marketplace | |
| TIE Finance: WBTC Lending Strategy | Report | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Lending |
| ZK #5 | Jan 2024 | Rust,Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Halo2, Solidity, Light Client | |
| Arcane Finance: RFQ | Report | Jan 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, Request for Quote (RFQ) |
| DeFi #45 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| DeFi #49 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution | |
| Ribbon: Aevo Governance | Report | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking, Token / ERC20 |
| Cata Labs: Generalised Incentives and Underwriting | Report1, Report2 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM |
| DeFi #41 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Token / ERC20 | |
| DeFi #48 | Jan 2024 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Transaction Execution | |
| Moonbite: Phoenix DEX | Report | Jan 2024 | Rust | Smart Contracts, Soroban, AMM |
| AlphaSwap | Report | Jan 2024 | Leo | Smart Contracts, Leo, AMM |
| Source Code Verification #2 | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM | |
| Genesis Liquid Restaking | Report | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Restaking |
| DeFi #35 | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Token / ERC20 | |
| DeFi #36 | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault | |
| DeFi #38 | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution | |
| StakeStone | Report | Dec 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault |
| Meow Protocol | Report | Nov 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Lending |
| Server #2 | Nov 2023 | JSON | Relayer/Off-Chain Backend Service, Firebase Security Rules | |
| DeFi #40 | Report | Nov 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| ZK #4 | Nov 2023 | Go | ZK Circuits, Gnark, Recursive Verifier | |
| DeFi #29 | Nov 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Transaction Execution | |
| Tie Finance: Eth Leverage On AAVE | Report | Nov 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault |
| Daimo Webauthn | Report | Nov 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Account Abstraction / ERC 4337 |
| GoodEntry geV2 | Report | Oct 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Options, Vault |
| Stellar Soroban Core | Report | Oct 2023 | Rust | Blockchain Implementation |
| Atem Network | Oct 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vesting | |
| Web3 AntiVirus Snap | Report | Oct 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap |
| Tomo V2 | Oct 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution | |
| Ribbon: Aevo Hybrid sDAI | Report | Oct 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Options, Vault |
| Quick Intel | Report | Oct 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap |
| Aperture Finance | Report | Sep 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| ZK #6 | Sep 2023 | Rust | ZK Circuits, Halo2, Machine Learning, Recursive Verifier | |
| DeFi #20 | Sep 2023 | Rust | Smart Contracts, Solana | |
| Ribbon: Aevo Exchange | Report | Sep 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Options |
| Daimo, P256Verifier | Report1, Report2 | Sep 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Account Abstraction / ERC 4337 |
| Range Vault Manager Contracts, Range GHO Vault | Report1, Report2 | Sep 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Vault |
| DeFi #16 | Aug 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| DeFi #22 | Aug 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Games | |
| Cog Finance | Report | Jul 2023 | Vyper | Smart Contracts, Vyper, AMM, Yields |
| Gamma Protocol | Unwinding | Report | Jul 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Yields |
| DeFi #18 | Report | Jul 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Account Abstraction / ERC 4337 |
| Server #1 | Jul 2023 | Rust | Wallet / Key Management, AWS | |
| DeFi/ZK #3 | Jul 2023 | Solidity | ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity | |
| Cubist Snap | Jul 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap | |
| DeFi #23 | Jul 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, NFT Marketplace | |
| DeFi #31 | Jul 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Library/Infrastructure | |
| L-Token | Report | Jun 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Token / ERC20 |
| DeFi #24 | Jun 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Bridge, Token / ERC20 | |
| Mina Snap | Report | Jun 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap |
| Partisia Blockchain Snap | Report | Jun 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap |
| Kleros Scout | Report | Jun 2023 | Typescript | Wallet Integration, Metamask Snap |
| ANKR Sui Liquid Staking | Report | Jun 2023 | Sui Move | Smart Contracts, Sui Move, Staking |
| Versa | Jun 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| Key Management #1 | May 2023 | Rust | Wallet / Key Management, AWS | |
| Davos #2 | Report | May 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| AlloyX #3 | May 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| Shib Original Vision Locker | Report | May 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| Prime Protocol #3 | Report | May 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain, Stablecoin |
| DeFi #25 | May 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, NFT Marketplace | |
| DeFi #19 | May 2023 | Rust | Smart Contracts, Solidity, NFT Marketplace | |
| Rate Limiting Nullifier | Report | May 2023 | Circom,Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity |
| DeFi #15 | Apr 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM | |
| ZK #2 | Apr 2023 | Rust | ZK Circuits, arkworks, Library/Infrastructure | |
| Satori: DwBiz | Report | Apr 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| DeFi #13 | Apr 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking | |
| Shib Original Vision | Report | Apr 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Token / ERC20 |
| Unirep | Report | Apr 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity, Reputation |
| Sismo CommitmentMapper | Report | Mar 2023 | Solidity | ZK Circuits, Solidity, Reputation |
| Sismo HydraS2 | Report | Mar 2023 | Solidity | ZK Circuits, Solidity |
| Gamma Protocol | Report | Mar 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Options |
| Prime Protocol #2 | Report | Mar 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain, Stablecoin, Staking |
| Manta Chain | Report | Mar 2023 | Rust | Blockchain Implementation, Substrate |
| Manta Circuits | Report | Mar 2023 | Rust | ZK Circuits, arkworks |
| Cata Labs Catalyst | Report | Feb 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM, Cross-Chain |
| Poolshark | Report | Feb 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, AMM |
| ANKR Token Staking | Report | Feb 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking |
| ANKR BNB Token Staking | Report | Jan 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking |
| Tonic | Report | Jan 2023 | Rust | Smart Contracts, NEAR, Orderbook |
| AlloyX #2 | Jan 2023 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking, Yields | |
| Scroll ZkEVM | Jan 2023 | Rust | Blockchain Implementation, ZK Circuits, Solidity | |
| DeFi #4 | Dec 2022 | Circom,Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity | |
| Parallel #2 | Report | Dec 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Lending |
| Semaphore | Report | Dec 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, ZK Circuits, Circom, Solidity, Identity |
| DeFi #2 | Nov 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity | |
| Succinct | Report | Oct 2022 | Circom | ZK Circuits, Circom |
| Dogechain #3 | Oct 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Library/Infrastructure | |
| ZK #1 | Sep 2022 | Circom | ZK Circuits, Circom, Library/Infrastructure | |
| Prime Protocol #1 | Report | Aug 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Cross-Chain, Lending |
| Dogechain #2 | Aug 2022 | Solidity | Blockchain Implementation, Solidity | |
| Davos #1 | Aug 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution, Stablecoin | |
| MakerDAO | Report | Aug 2022 | Cairo | Smart Contracts, Cairo, Stablecoin |
| Circom-Bigint (Circomlib) | Report | Jul 2022 | Circom | ZK Circuits, Circom, Library/Infrastructure |
| Ribbon Earn | Report | Jul 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking |
| AlloyX | Report | Jul 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Staking, Yields |
| Infrastructure #1 | Jul 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Library/Infrastructure | |
| DeFi #1 | Jun 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Orderbook | |
| Helio | Report | May 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity, Rewards / Distribution, Stablecoin |
| Parallel #1 | Report | May 2022 | Solidity | Smart Contracts, Solidity |
| Dogechain #1 | Report | May 2022 | Go,Solidity | Blockchain Implementation, Smart Contracts, Solidity |